How does pregnancy affect oral heath?
While you might not think that your oral health has anything to do with your pregnancy, there are definite connections. Some women experience some real changes in their oral health. The primary change is a surge in hormones-particularly an increase in estrogen and progesterone, which is linked to an increase, in part, by the amount of plaque on your teeth. Other examples include soft tissue changes that are caused, in part, by changes in hormone levels and, studies show that pregnant women with gum disease are more likely to have premature babies of low-birth weight.

What is plaque?
Plaque is an invisible, sticky layer of harmful bacteria that constantly forms on teeth. It can cause gingivitis: red, swollen, tender gums that are more likely to bleed. So- called "pregnancy gingivitis" affects most pregnant women to some degree, and generally begins to surface in the second trimester. If you already have gingivitis, which is the most prevalent oral manifestation associated with pregnancy, the condition is likely to worsen during preg- nancy. If untreated, gingivitis can lead to periodontal disease, a more serious form of gum disease.
Pregnant women are also at risk for developing preg- nancy growths or lesions of the gum tissue, which is called epulis or granuloma. They are benign and may develop in a small percentage of pregnant women. This condition usually disappears after the baby is born. However, if it interferes with chewing, brushing or other oral hygiene procedures, your dentist may decide to remove it.

How can I prevent these oral health problems?
You can prevent plaque buildup and gingivitis by keeping your t~eth clean, especially near the gumline. You should brush with fluoride toothpaste at least twice a day and after each meal when possible. You should also floss thor- oughly each day. If brushing your teeth causes morning sickness, rinse your mouth with water or with anti-plaque and fluoride mouthwashes. Women with unusual or severe morning sickness need to especially watch their oral hygiene as vomiting can cause erosion and decay and caries. Good nutrition-particularly plenty of vitamin C and B 12-helps keep the-oral cavity healthy and strong. More frequent cleanings from the dentist will help control plaque and prevent gingivitis.

Should I have my teeth cleaned while I'm pregnant?
Cleanings generally are safe throughout pregnancy, although some dentists may elect to wait until the second trimester. If you are a high-risk pregnant person, your dentist will consult with your health care practitioner prior to treatment.

What if I have a dental emergency?
If you have a dental emergency at any time during the pregnancy, you need to consult your dentist immediately so that the problem can be taken care of. The dentist may need to take appropriate x-rays to diagnose the problem and provide optimal care. Radiation safety precautions (i.e. lead apron and thyroid collar) will be used to protect you and your baby. The dentist may consult the health care practitioner in certain situations prior to rendering treatment. Elective radiographs should be postponed until after the delivery of the baby. You might need to receive some medication, which your dentist will consult with your health care provider if there is any doubt about protocol.

Why should I see my dentist?
Going to the dentist will help you avoid any emergency problems during your pregnancy. Your dentist will take a thorough medical history prior to providing care. If you're planning to become pregnant or suspect you're pregnant, you should call to make an appointment. Making sure that you have good oral health prior to pregnancy is ideal to help prevent oral problems during pregnancy. Your dentist will assess your oral condition and map out a dental plan for the rest of your pregnancy. Multiple dental visits might be recommended periodically throughout the pregnancy to monitor changes and to gauge the effectiveness of your oral hygiene.